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CHAPTER 13 BANKRUPTCY
Chapter 13 Bankruptcies can be utilized by individuals and unincorporated businesses. A Chapter 13 bankruptcy allows a debtor to pay off his/her creditors with monthly installments, while retaining his/her estate. In Chapter 13 bankruptcy the trustee shares estate administration with the debtor. The main difference between Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcies is that income received after the filing of a petition is used to repay the creditors in Chapter 13 filings. The debtor still owns their estate, but establishes a plan, with the trustee, to repay the creditors from the debtors' continuing income. The plan is usually in place for three years, however, some plans take up to five years. Once this time period is expired, then the debts are discharged. During the term of a plan, a debtor must live on an extremely fixed income and firm budget and the court has the final say in determining whether or not the proposed budget is realistic. Generally, the plans call for the debtor to live on a fixed income, then a certain amount is paid to the trustee, and finally the creditors are each paid the remaining amount. However, many problems can occur after the approval of a plan. There is a great amount of debate as to the power of the trustee to alter the amount of payments made to the creditors. This is understandable, since the court only approves a general plan, and does not anticipate what will take place in the weeks or months in which the income of the debtor may vary. Creditors have limited rights under this chapter. They can either accept or reject a proposed plan. If they accept the plan, it may then be approved by the court. If the plan is rejected, then the debtor can attempt to cramdown the plan on the creditor. The effect of this action varies in different jurisdictions. Once the court confirms a plan, debtors are discharged of many of the debts that they would not be under a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy. The list of exceptions to discharge include: taxes, family support, student loans, and others listed at sec. 523 of the Bankruptcy Code. |
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